By 2025, my country's new materials will achieve 10 trillion, and these three directions will definitely explode
Ena od novih smeri materialov: lahki materiali
1. Ogljikova vlakna
Carbon fiber materials are used in aerospace, wind power, sports and leisure, automobiles and other fields with their excellent properties. They are the most widely used and market-oriented materials in the field of new materials, and are known as "the king of new materials". The global carbon fiber market demand has grown rapidly in recent years, and my country has also seized the opportunity to develop into the world's second largest carbon fiber producer.
However, compared with foreign countries, my country's carbon fiber industry still has the problems of low capacity utilization, few high-end products, and difficult application and development. The downstream industry still relies heavily on imported carbon fiber products. In the current international environment, realizing the dual autonomy of carbon fiber scale production and application development is the key to enhancing my country's national defense and manufacturing strength and ensuring the stability of the supply chain.
Carbon fiber is a carbon backbone structure inorganic fiber with a carbon content higher than 90 percent formed by the pyrolysis and carbonization of organic fibers such as polyacrylonitrile (PAN) (or pitch, viscose) in a high temperature environment, as a high-performance material. Produced in the 1960s.
Ogljikova vlakna imajo odlične mehanske lastnosti in kemično stabilnost: kot vlakna z najvišjo specifično trdnostjo (specifična gostota trdnosti) in najvišjo specifično togostjo (modul specifična gostota) med visoko-zmogljivimi vlakni, ki so trenutno masna{{1 }}proizvedena ogljikova vlakna so pomemben del vesoljske in vetrne energije. Idealni materiali za rezila, vozila z novimi energenti in druga področja z lahkimi zahtevami. Zaradi lastnosti odpornosti proti koroziji, odpornosti na visoke temperature in majhnega razteznega koeficienta je nadomestek za kovinske materiale v težkih okoljih; poleg tega lastnosti električne in toplotne prevodnosti širijo njegovo uporabo na področju komunikacijske elektronike.
Glede na število filamentov v vsakem svežnju ogljikovih vlaken so ogljikova vlakna na splošno razdeljena v dve kategoriji: majhna vleka in velika vleka. Majhna vlečna naprava ima boljše zmogljivosti, vendar višjo ceno, in se običajno uporablja na visokotehnoloških področjih, kot sta vesoljska in vojaška industrija, pa tudi v vrhunski-športni izdelki; velika vleka ima nižje stroške in se pogosto uporablja v osnovnih industrijah, vključno z gradbeništvom, transportno in energetsko opremo itd.
Globalna lestvica zmogljivosti in pričakovanja glede povpraševanja
In 2020, the global carbon fiber operating capacity is 171,650 tons, an increase of 16,750 tons compared with 2019, a growth rate of 10.8 percent . The United States, China, and Japan assumed the main production capacity, accounting for 21.7 percent , 21.1 percent , and 17.0 percent , respectively. At present, the major manufacturers still have about 80,000 tons/year of unfinished expansion plans, which also reflects the manufacturers' optimistic expectations for the industry's prospects.
Kar zadeva povpraševanje, so štiri glavne uporabne industrije na trgu ogljikovih vlaken letalstvo, vetrne lopatice, šport in prosti čas ter avtomobili. Leta 2020 bodo štiri industrije na nižji stopnji predstavljale več kot 70 odstotkov povpraševanja po ogljikovih vlaknih in več kot 76 odstotkov vrednosti proizvodnje.
Since 2015, the industry estimates that the world's carbon fiber demand has maintained a growth of about 12 percent , but due to the impact of the epidemic, the global demand for carbon fiber in 2020 will total 107,000 tons, an increase of only 3 percent compared to 2019. The total sales amount was about 2.615 billion US dollars, a year-on-year decrease of 8.8 percent , mainly due to the slump in the aviation industry caused by the epidemic, which affected the sales of high-value high-performance carbon fiber. The wind power field has become the main driving force for the industry to maintain growth, and the demand for carbon fiber has maintained an annual growth of 20 percent despite the epidemic.
In the short term, the recovery of the world aviation industry and the large-scale laying of wind power equipment in 2021 can bring the carbon fiber market back to the channel of rapid growth. In the long run, the aviation industry needs to digest the excess capacity in 2020, and wind power will continue to be the main driving force for the growth of the carbon fiber market in the future. In October 2020, representatives of more than 400 wind energy companies around the world jointly issued the "Wind Energy Beijing Declaration", planning to add more than 50 million kilowatts of installed capacity in 2020-2025.
V okviru širitve proizvodnje večjih proizvajalcev vetrne energije uporaba ogljikovih vlaken v vetrnih turbinah še ni bila razširjena v velikem obsegu in le svetovni velikan vetrne energije Vestas je oblikoval veliko- uporaba lestvice. Ker druga podjetja za vetrno energijo razvijajo aplikacije za kompozite iz ogljikovih vlaken, bo povpraševanje po ogljikovih vlaknih v industriji vetrne energije verjetno eksponentno raslo. Ocenjuje se, da bo do leta 2025 skupno povpraševanje po ogljikovih vlaknih na svetu preseglo 200,000 ton, kar ustreza letni stopnji rasti 13,3 odstotka.